All posts by geneva.overholser@gmail.com

AFRICA DAYS 18: The Dogon People, a Desert Decision and Dakar

Dogon village scene

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts (for free) on this site.

From my journal: “Thursday, 21 September 1976, God-knows-where, Mali: Yesterday afternoon, we suddenly found ourselves without a horn — and without a battery. Absolutely dead. We pulled over. Got out the books, checked the fan belt and the electrical system connections. Our hydrometer, bought in South Africa. had busted in Kinshasa — no way to check the battery. Our battery head cleaner brush, also bought in South Africa, had been lost, and we have searched in vain the last several cities for baking powder to clean the battery. We had noticed that our supplementary battery has been dying, so we had unhooked it yesterday morning, and we found water under it.

“Now we figure it must have something to do with the generator failing to charge either one. We’ve been reading all we can but we can’t determine whether it would hurt a faulty generator if we just push start and try to drive to Bamako (150 kms at least). We’ve cleaned the battery as well as we can — difficult because it’s too large for its location, since it’s oversized — none of the right size having been available. So here we are, it’s hot as hell and there are tsetse flies all over. We’re both badly bitten from yesterday. And we’re so isolated that I don’t know how we would find anyone to help push start us.”

This was just one of a long string of mechanical difficulties that would dog us as we drove toward Bamako. We’d patch one thing — and another thing would go bust, often at some desolate spot with no help available.

Finally, one evening, we decided to take stock. We sat down and made a chart: Dakar vs. The Desert. Alas, The Desert lost. All those months of preparation, all those sandladders and jerry cans for fuel and water, everything stored just so in our bus designed for this, everything hauled all these miles. We knew we would survive a Sahara crossing; the rules of the road (or, in this case, track) meant someone would pick us up and haul us north. But there would be no hauling Miles. Leaving him in the dunes would mean losing not just our transport but also our room and board for the weeks to come in North Africa and then the months we planned to spend in Europe.

The decision was heartbreaking, but it was clear: We must put the bus (and us) on a freight train from Bamako to Dakar, and then onto a French packet boat to Casablanca.

In Bamako, we rushed from post office to bank, tourist office, a security firm and shops of all kinds, gathering information and supplies. We sold off the jerry cans. We were ready to head west.

But first, we had one more dream to fulfill here in Mali. As we ran all those errands, a mechanic had gotten Miles running smoothly again (at least for now). Now we would visit the mysterious Dogon civilization. In a letter to my brother, I wrote: “We had a great adventure today here in this godforsaken, dried-out, bug-infested country. We drove across 100 kms. of miserable road — sometimes piles of stones marked the route across boulders just like a mountain trail — to the town of Songha. From there, we set off to see the Dogon cliff-dwellers — an area that feels like Mesa Verde come alive. We walked about 9 miles in far-west-looking country of red rocks and scruffy plants with mesas in the distance. We descended a great escarpment, scooting on all fours down boulders and teetering scarily along large notched tree branches serving as staircases. As the valley below appeared, we saw our first village: Ireli, looking like a baked-mud fairyland, with straw roofs whose peaks reached high above little square granaries, and with rock walls making separate family and closures.

“Some of the houses are built into the lower cliffs, and among these were a few whose outer edges were supported by great forked branches. All up in the cliffs — really in every nook and cranny — are the dwellings left hundreds of years ago by pygmies who preceded the Dogon people, who now use many of the ancient buildings as granaries. There they store the millet that seems to be growing everywhere out of dry sand and must be practically the only thing these people eat. The village was large (we figured maybe 500 people) and it was noisy in its echoes against the huge cliff wall, though we saw very few people outside. Our guide said most were indoors, which is unusual for Africa, but here they don’t have much in the way of yards.

“We did see old men sitting in ‘palaver’ huts in Ireli and in the four other villages we passed through. These huts are open-air and roofed by at least 6 feet of millet stalks stacked in alternating layers to provide cool and shade, and they have big snakes carved over the one mud support wall. Once, as we sat resting, we saw children playing on one of the big boulders, sliding quickly down the smooth tilted surface. We got a view from above of the last of the villages, as we rested by a small waterfall in the shade of kingly baobab trees with their funny fruits hanging heavily on long stems.”

This would be the last of our many grand adventures in sub-Saharan Africa. It had been a hundred days since we left Kinshasa, following our two years living there. It would be more than a week before we’d get ourselves aboard the boat in Dakar. But there‘d be nothing about that period that we‘d recall with pleasure. Complexities and disappointments and discomforts and unpredictabilities had accompanied all our travels in Africa, but never had the bad outweighed the good.

Until that week.

After a couple of days of “you can/you can’t,” “get this permit from that office/that office is closed until tomorrow,” “there is no certainty about departure times,” etc., we at last got us all onto the train. Which meant three days of rocking and rolling in Miles on a flatcar and sitting for hours, often without moving, in the worst heat we’d ever felt, with no protection from biting bugs or blazing sun. Finally we made it to Dakar — and two more days of “can/can’t/come back tomorrow/go to this-no-that agency” — simply to get Miles off the train. Followed by two more days with the auto-loading people and the insurance people and the diplomatic officials, until finally we boarded the ship. Whose stabilizing bar wasn’t performing properly. The foul results of that, I will spare you.

Our 50-year-old Morocco guides

HOWEVER — we got to stroll around lovely Las Palmas during a brief Canary Islands stop. Casablanca would soon come into view. All of North Africa’s pleasures awaited us.

The delight was about to return.

AFRICA DAYS 17: Ghana’s tragic and wondrous offerings, Luxury in Abidjan

Cape Coast festival

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts (for free) below

We had expected a lot of Ghana. It delivered even more, beginning with Accra, which I described in my journal as “a compelling city with verve and strength among its people, whose city it most definitely is — this capital of the first black African country to gain independence from colonialism.”

3 September, 1976, letter to my father: “I’m battling the sea wind to keep my paper on the table here at this small bar with its fine view of the huge and yet romantic castle that has such a tragically unromantic past. I had had no idea of the size and number of these European forts and castles dotted along this coast of Ghana.

Cape Coast and Elmina castles

“Elmina Castle, which we just toured, was begun in 1482 by the Portuguese and is said to be the oldest building in the tropics. It was built for the gold trade, then taken over by the Dutch for use as a slaving post. It’s now deserted and owned by the Ministry of Monuments, but it has none of the trappings of a tourist attraction. As a matter of fact, even the sole guide was sick today, and we were simply permitted to wander as we wished, alone. This added immeasurably to the power and mystery of the place. Even Mike and I had split up, because he went back to the car for our camera. So I walked silently and alone through the huge, upside down U-shaped corridor dungeons where the men were kept, the punishment cells, the female slave yard with a balcony where the Dutch officials looking for pretty bedmates stood to make their choices, the negotiation room where ship captains chose their cargo, the tiny prison cells for those who attempted to buck the system and finally the fateful tunnel to the sea.

“In the silence, the awfulness was everything.

“The museums in West Africa are interesting both from historical and artistic viewpoints. This region has been so rich in both areas, and its peoples and crafts are still so varied and compelling to see. It’s interesting as well to note the differences in colonial influences from Belgium to France to England. Nigeria and Ghana are both so advanced in terms of development and education, and both are so bustling and frantic compared to France’s more colorful and charming former colonies. But these are generalizations to which a score of objections jump up immediately, even in my own mind, so I’ll end that kind of talk by saying one more generalized thing which is virtually unassailable: The Belgians bombed all the way around.”

4 September, Cape Coast, adding to the same letter: “We saw an astonishing festival today. It marked the end of a three-week ban on fishing from the lagoon of this fishing city, followed by ceremonies to ask the gods for a profitable upcoming year for what everyone here calls ‘the fisherfolk.’ We watched the festival with a local man, the likable and well-informed head of the Cape Coast University Fire Brigade. We met him last night when we parked our bus on university grounds for the night, and he was pleased to show us the grand event, which in turn pleased us so obviously.

Cape Coast festival scenes

“The festival procession began at the lagoon and wound for several hours through the town. It consisted of what our host termed ‘Asafo companies’ — seemingly clan-like groups. About a dozen of these units came along, followed by the main officials of the district, and finally the principal chief.

“Each Asafo company boasted a flag carrier, frequently a young boy. He would jump and jerk and swirl the flag about, and if he was exceptionally good, bystanders would put money in his mouth. Then came a knot of people in all their finery, the men bearing fur-covered chests on their heads containing the clans’ holy items, then fetish priests and priestesses in white robes with whitewashed faces and white shell necklaces. Next came a carved wooden stool carried by a maiden on her head. On the stool was a lacy white pillow. The maiden would curl and swoon as if a great weight had come down upon her head. The stool is intended for a god, our friend Clement pointed out, and the maiden, in her movements, was signifying the god’s arrival or presence.

An Asafo chief

“Shortly thereafter would come the chief and his wife, surrounded by women waving pieces of wondrous fabric like fans, other women laying fabric before their feet, and a man carrying and twirling a huge fringed parasol over the chief’s head. Drummers followed the chief, who was invariably dressed in the grandest imaginable robes. The final chief’s entourage was virtually the same, though even grander and larger, and he was arrayed in genuine splendor — a robe of legendary Kente cloth woven by hand in strips, with genuine gold threads. He was carried on a couch on the head of four men and followed by two drums longer than a man and three times as big around. Occasionally, this segment of the procession would pause and the chief would raise his arms and dance with the people in graceful, sensual hula-like gestures while everyone waved the beautiful materials at him.

“The festival procession culminated at an oceanside park, where all the minor chiefs paid tribute to the highest chief, and he, interestingly enough, went to greet the regional commissioner, clad in his stark military uniform and carried about by Mercedes. Shows where the power is now, I guess, but the years haven’t cut into the pageantry. What we saw today was reminiscent of drawings of festivals we’ve seen in various museums, attended by bewigged Britishers instead of spellbound Americans.

Festival finery

“We have thought to ourselves again and again how close the past and present seem in Africa.”

After the festival we visited Cape Coast Castle, even more horrifying than Elmina in its dreadful dungeons. Later, in Kumasi, we watched the region’s craftsmen (and women) at work. After trading some items we weren’t often using for beautiful Adinkra and Kente fabrics, we said goodbye to this memorable country and headed to Ivory Coast.

Adinkra cloth

12 September Abidjan: “Abidjan is very different from anywhere we’ve been. It seems like a colony, still. It’s beautiful physically — a true pearl, set on lagoons — and very modern and well-built. There’s an unbelievable Disney World-like hotel complex here and fantastically stocked supermarkets. We’ve spent a mint, but we’re pleased just to be able to find things.

“We will leave here in great shape. Miles is running better than ever after a $75 servicing, which took all day and failed, followed by our return and then their work on him all the next afternoon and evening ‘for free.’ Now he’s running smooth and powerful. All our clothes and our bedding are machine-washed-clean. We have 25 liters of boiled water, a cabinet stuffed with canned goods and fantastic fresh food as well, thanks to Ivory Coast, the land of plenty.”

Now we were bound for Mali, where we’d decide whether to attempt the Sahara crossing — or give up that piece of the dream. With all our preparation and the seemingly sound repairs on Miles, our prospects seemed good.

AFRICA DAYS 16: Benin, Togo, and the Pleasures of Life in Miles Motuka

Miles on the beach in Benin

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts below.

Cotonou, Benin, 25 August 1976: “There’s a wonderful breeze off the ocean and consequently no mosquitoes. A blessing. The Atlantic at Cotonou is pretty: greenish water, fine sand, palmy beaches.

“We spent the morning at Abomay, visiting what remains of a huge palace built, successively, by the 11 rulers of that most impressive kingdom, which thrived from the 17th until the early 20th century. The guide, quite knowledgeable, had rich anecdotes about each potentate’s various symbols, which we found in relief on the walls and in the delightful murals and on the many scepters of gold, copper, iron and brass, along with thrones, jewelry and garments from each reign. I was astonished at the richness of this history. I have felt exactly the same way in looking at the bronze and terracotta works of the Benin and Ife civilizations. Sensitive, and sensual. Lovely work. Astonishing that it’s not more widely known.”

Friday 27 August, just north of Lome, Togo: “Once again, that pleasant time of day, morning — in a gravel pit! We have become devotees of gravel pits, which generally provide us with the isolation and quiet we crave and which require no permission from anyone — and are priced exactly to our tastes!

“We pulled in around 5 last night and prepared a truly remarkable dinner of fresh shrimp pili-pili, a fresh tossed salad, crusty French bread and our favorite German white, hauled from Kinshasa for just such a seacoast meal. A good sleep, then this morning a shower, boiled eggs, toast with peach jam and coffee while listening to a program on John Kenneth Galbraith on the BBC. We spent much of our time in Lome in the USIS library, with time out for a lobster dinner, some delightful French pastries and a short visit to the ocean. Now we are headed toward volcano country for a relaxed day or so of reading, writing, cleaning and some adjustments Miles needs.”

Kpalime, Togo: “A lovely calm day yesterday. We are in hill country again, which is much to our liking. We picnicked at Kpami Falls, a pretty 100-foot chute, then drove to a little mountain town where a French lawyer in 1944 had built a small stone château atop hill overlooking Ghana’s Lake Volta. It was a pretty climb to the château and fun to hear the caretaker reminisce about the parties M. Viale held before the government forced him out six years ago. Then we spent a pleasant late afternoon and evening at the ‘campement’ nearby, reading about Ghana to come.”

That campground in the hill country and the gravel pit near Lome represented two of the many categories of “accommodations” which Mike and Miles and I had become accustomed to over the course of the trip. In cities, we’d often find a school or a museum that would allow us to park for the night and perhaps use a rec room or the like to boil water or take care of other tasks. Other times, we’d splurge and go to a “rest house” — a modest, government-supported lodging particularly common in Nigeria.

In Zaire, we had either parked on the road near a village (asking the chief’s permission), or stayed in missions. The mission experiences were varied. In Karawa, Zaire, we stayed at the Swedish Covenant mission. I wrote in my journal: “We got to know all the mission residents by nightfall. Everyone was most warm (by our standards, even intrusive). But it was lovely to be taken care of so nicely.” Our last night in Zaire was at the Mission Protestante, “a tiny tin-roofed hovel on a lovely point jutting out into the Ubangi River. There, Jack and Jeanne Dangers shared their supper with us.” In Bossenstili, Cameroon, “We spent last night at a Swedish Baptist Mission. Our hosts had us in for cakes and a delicious drink made by boiling some dried pink flowers. We heard a scripture, were prayed over by the African pastor and sang some hymns (in 3 languages). A bit awkward, but interesting, as well.”

All in all, we preferred the Catholic missions we’d enjoyed in our Zaire travels, where the good priests loved to talk of old times, always had a goodly stock of beer and wine, and didn’t seem to concern themselves with our souls.

Our life in Miles was remarkably pleasant, as I related one evening Nigeria: “We generally ‘set up camp’ in 2 or 3 minutes, closing curtains and pulling down the mosquito nets. Then we begin fixing dinner. We usually eat very well. Tonight we had a vegetable curry of cabbage, tomatoes, onions, sweet potatoes, and carrots — all from roadside vendors — with rice and coconut. For lunch we had tuna with chopped egg on whole wheat bread (the latter is a rare treat) with cucumber and tomato slices and fresh limeade. For breakfast we‘d had grapefruit, bread and jam. We buy fruits, vegetables, bread and eggs from local markets. We have canned meats, rice and noodles, dried soup and seasonings in the cabinet.

“But back to evenings: I do most of the cooking, partly because Mike is doing most of the car maintenance and more of the driving. While I cook, we listen to the BBC or VOA. Sometimes we have a shot of Scotch after dinner and play some Rook. Usually we read a good while. Sometimes we leave the dishes until morning and do them during our coffee stop, about 10 or so — another pleasant time. I’m getting into macramé, and I’m enjoying memorizing songs from our cassettes as we drive along. We have fun quizzing each other from the almanac and from a word book I particularly like. We keep our clothes clean, keep good food in stock, keep our ‘house’ clean, check Miles’ tires, batteries, oil and exhaust pipe regularly. We wash our hair frequently, standing beside the bus with one of us holding our plastic siphon hose over the other’s head. We take frequent sponge baths. So far we’ve been remarkably lucky with the weather. It’s a pleasant way of life, really. We’re keeping a budget faithfully, and our per diem expenditure for the first 39 days is about $17. It shows we can travel reasonably and make the purchases we want — at least in Africa.

 “Sitting here drinking my coffee, listening to a VOA program about crocodiles, I feel content.”

Up next was Ghana. It would give Nigeria a run for its money as a cultural rockstar: A festival in Cape Coast was a highlight of our Africa years.

AFRICA DAYS 15: Nigeria’s Cultural Treasures

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts below.

We had understood that West Africa couldn’t hold a candle to what the eastern and southern parts of the continent offered in terms of hiking, scenery or game. Its forte, we knew, was cultural riches. And, boy, did Nigeria deliver. 

10 August 1976: “Hooray for Kano! This morning we rented two clunky bicycles and peddled into this ancient walled city — and the scenes before us made us feel we’d arrived in the Old Testament. Just inside the gate that we entered are indigo dye pits, amazingly deep — some down to 10 feet. Here, men in flowing white robes were dying fabric tied together in preparation for tie and die by a woman in a little house nearby. Also nearby was a hut where a man with a huge mahogany mallet was beating the dried fabric to soften and ‘press’ it. 

“We cycled on under the huge mosque and past the 900-year-old emir’s palace to find a small but interesting museum highlighted by ornate coats of mail decorated with ostrich feathers.

“But best of all was the Kurmi market — the most extensive, bustling, smelly, exciting and varied one we’ve seen. It was full of beautiful materials, leather, tin and beadwork, not to mention the thousands of other items sold there by Muslim merchants. We sat inside the mud-walled stalls to eat a fried meat pie and some fresh coconut as the men all began their prayers.

“Tonight we are going to the home of a Nigerian businessman whom we met yesterday. He has promised us some specialties such as pepper chicken, melon-seed soup and bean cakes.”

Next came the town of Zaria. “One marvelous thing about this area is the horsemen. Here in Nigeria, we’ve noticed what a mark of pride it is to have a horse. The men in their flowing robes are greatly outshone by the splendor of their mounts, with their colorful saddle blankets, and dyed leather reins with all manner of baubles hanging off them.

“Now in Jos, we have spent the afternoon at a fine museum. I had been ignorant of the beautiful artwork of the peoples of Benin and of the Nok empire: extraordinarily fine brass and pottery heads. It was interesting, too, to sit in the courtyard of the museum and watch the museum-goers — crowds of fine-looking Nigerians, all dressed in Sunday finery. 

“We spent an interesting day yesterday in Bida, a small city swarming with artisans: The metal workers pounding brass plates out of flat oblong sticks, etching designs on them with their Number 1, Number 2 and Number 3 nails, rubbing the brass with lime juice and putting it over the fire. 

“Then the bead makers, circling a roaring flame pumped through hard bellows by a young apprentice. Each artist with his glob of melted glass on a stick like a torch in the fire. In front of me was a man whose glob consisted of a former Star Beer bottle, backed by a smaller clot that was once a Mentholatum jar. He circled the large glob with the small one in order to stripe the brown with green, then smoothed it all with a spatula-like tool and dropped it orange-hot into his basket. We saw, as well, women weaving cloth strips, brightly colored, and men carving Koranic writing slates and small wooden stools.

“In a nearby village we saw pottery makers and basket weavers, whose homes we reached by winding among one small compound after another, and entered through woven reed doors. We saw that the Nupe women have a sizable wall stacked high with pots — a must before they are marriageable. 

We had seen too the men with their horizontal foot-operated looms, (the women use smaller vertical looms), a blacksmith beating out a tool, leatherworkers and calabash carvers.

“What a wonderland of craftsmanship and artistry Nigeria is. It makes you yearn to go and create something fine.”

From Jebba, we drove all day to Oshogbo. There we saw the shrine to Oshun, the River Goddess, more wonderful craftsmen at work and a funny little old museum, then drove to Ife to see an exciting and brightly designed university.

Sunday, 22 August, 100 kms from the border with Benin: “This is the final night of our two weeks in this huge, bustling, progressive, education-loving, artistic, hassle-filled country. Here we reached the two-year mark of our time in Africa, in the same nation where we first touched down on this mind-bogglingly multi-faceted continent.”

One way the continent was multi-faceted was its wide variation in road conditions. My first journal entry about Nigeria noted that someone had called it “the country where all the roads are paved.” But, I added, “Unfortunately, it is often true that only HALF the road is paved — one strip. That is, you get two wheels on the pavement when you meet a car. Nerve-wracking system, at best, now that the traffic is substantial.”

Two weeks later, the last entry from Nigeria returned to this topic — with greater vehemence. After carrying on about how much we’d enjoyed the country, I added: “But a very real detraction is the grisly nature of traveling Nigeria’s highways. At every curve, every summit, are wrecks from all decades. Every bridge gapes where the side rails have been busted through by the hulks lying below. Huge trucks lie bashed down and overturned along the road: At one corner, we saw three altogether. Yet these prolific reminders of the dangers of highway travel are no deterrent to Nigerian drivers, who pass across solid lines, before curves and hills, and right alongside wrecks. We saw a horrible accident two days ago involving three vehicles, one of which had passed us minutes before. We will feel lucky as hell to cross the border alive and with Miles in good shape. The roads here are paved, it is true, but I’d rather be in a mud hole than an accident.”

Happily, we did cross the border in good shape — and spent the night on a palmy beach in Benin, enjoying a lovely breeze off the ocean.

AFRICA DAYS 14: West Africa Beckons

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts on this site.

Three weeks after leaving Zaire, we’d made it to our first new country in this long drive out of Africa — the Central African Republic. About its capital, my journal reports that “Bangui is more ‘civilized’ than Kinshasa. The shops are full of goods. There’s a nice small museum. We’ve been able to take care of lots of errands, including getting our tires fixed. We had scotch and soda with a Frenchman this afternoon as his staff wrote up our third-party insurance policy. We met a South African refugee, Collin, who is hitchhiking to Liberia to study. We’ll take him along to Cameroon.

“The next night we camped by a waterfall and shared a beer with a 71-year-old Yugoslav engineer. He told us, ‘You’re doing what you must do.’”

We liked Cameroon immediately, finding it “a bright and pretty place, extinct volcanoes scattered around, hills covered with grass, yellow flowers on fat bushes. Gigantic rock formations in the mountain country.”

We were struck by the remarkable costumes, including “men who look like a cross between an Oxford don and a beefeater, with gorgeously colored flowing robes and huge-crowned hats.” We liked the “neat villages with peaked thatched roofs with dried grasses flowing down from them.”

In one village, we got a fine tour from a chief we had encountered. “We walked all over, asking questions as we went, about how this society is organized. We found that the gatherings of men, which we saw earlier today, are court sessions, with a scribe sent out from town and the chief and his representatives acting as judges. We saw the chief’s ‘concession’ — this is what the enclosures are called — and toured the concession of the chief’s brother. He has a building for each of his two wives, a building for the children, a separate kitchen, and a building for two mother goats and their five little kids along with many chickens. (The brother tried to give us a chicken, but we squirmed out of it as graciously as possible.) There was also a hut for storage and a building for his horse. We saw various crops — tobacco, peanuts, corn and cotton — and we heard about SODECOTON, the society which gives out cotton seeds and buys back cotton. Land ownership is forbidden here; the chief assigns you a plot to use for farming. Evidently the soil is very rich, and once you can afford two cows and a plow, you’ve got it made. They rotate the crops and let the land rest as well. Teachers are sent out by the state, and they live in the chief’s concession. Most men have two wives. A chief may have as many as 20. Once a man gets to three wives, he must take another, because wives come in two’s.

“We are impressed with how organized things are. Consider the rain-barrier system: Large trucks are not permitted to pass through the barrier until 12 hours after a rain. Rain-barrier chiefs are paid by the state to manage the system. It is effective, and truck drivers go along with it. Big contrast with Zaire!

“Now for a bit about daily life in Miles. A typical evening so far involves finding a fairly secluded spot on firm ground off the road (though in Zaire we had to stay on the road, asking permission from village chiefs and playing Barnum & Bailey for the crowd for an hour or so). We have perfected a mosquito-net setup which covers the open roof and sliding door and provides headroom, as it is suspended across cords strung between the roof racks. It covers the rear door as well, which swings up, and we thereby have a lot of ventilation.

“We have a lantern as well as a radio, which is most entertaining and exotic, and a small cassette player. Both of these operate off an electric outlet connected to a second battery, in a system installed by a friend. He also wired a burglar alarm which goes off when the front doors are opened. We have folding chairs for outdoor evenings.

“As for laundry, we have a big blue bucket in which we do a wash by loading clothes, soap and water and permitting it to bounce throughout the morning as we travel, followed by two separate rinse bounces in the afternoon. The following day, Miles Motuka becomes quite an effective dryer, as the clothes hang from a bungee cord strung across the open roof.

“Our sink is fine for washing dishes, as well as for sponge baths. We shower by using a plastic siphon complete with pump and shower attached. We have a big plastic tub as well. We generally keep one 25-liter can of drinking water (boiled) and another for washing in addition to the 20-liter jug above the sink. We have good food supplies, thanks to the U.S. commissary in Kinshasa, supplemented by fresh local produce.

“We usually stop by 4:30 or so in order to have time for radio news and for reading. One evening, still in Zaire, we listened to the Democratic National Convention, and heard Jimmy Carter for the first time. He was informative and sounded good to me.

“I’ve been thinking a lot about the U.S. lately. It’s remarkable, listening regularly to Carter’s singsong tones on Voice of America, way over here in Africa.”

Our next destination was Chad: A terrible bust. We dipped in, hoping to be able to drive up the river to Lake Chad. No such luck: They said it would take two weeks to get a permit. Meanwhile, in the space of four blocks, our car was stopped and searched four times. The last time, they literally ransacked the place, throwing all our stuff around and ripping our closet door off, then stopping in the middle of it the moment their chief told them it was noon.

“We’ll be glad to be back in Cameroon tomorrow — and on to Nigeria, a country we are eager to explore.”

AFRICA DAYS 13: Leaving Zaire

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts on this site.

In the spring of 1976, as our final year teaching at The American School of Kinshasa drew to a close, we found (at last!) a used VW bus for sale. We determined to turn it into not only our transportation but also our home for the coming year, as we made our way up out of Africa and then across Europe.

We named the bus Miles Motuka (motuka is Lingala for motorcar), though every now and then we called him Miles from Nowhere. I say “him,” because this vehicle became a beloved figure in our lives. We certainly didn’t know it at the time, but we’d be traveling and living (full or part-time) in Miles for the next three years, joined during the last one by a little Paris-born girl named Laura Grace.

But back to Kinshasa. We spent $2,600 for the bus itself and almost that much outfitting it and buying what we needed for the trip — from spare parts to interior fittings to food and supplies and the cost of visas for 15 countries. We drew up a design for the interior and hired a wonderful craftsman/carpenter, Kidiela, to build it out. (Mostly of mahogany, if you please.) A friend installed a second battery off of which we could run our interior lights and radio and cassette player. I sewed curtains and cushion/mattress covers. Mike became a self-trained mechanic. We had bought backups for almost every part —  from the clutch to two spare wheels — many of which we would indeed deploy. (Mike once had to drop the engine, guided mostly by a detailed manual.) We had sand ladders and a shovel, cables and towlines and many jerry cans for fuel and others for water. 

We had a sink and a jug with a faucet braced above it, a stove and a siphon for a shower, and mosquito netting so we could sleep in the heat with the roof and windows and doors open. Our sofa made into a comfy double bed. Our desk/dining table folded down. Our closet had a sliding door. Our bookcase had a French dictionary, an atlas, an almanac and books on philosophy, history, art, poetry, memoirs, a songbook, essays and novels. Our cabinet held the food we’d stocked up on at the commissary, from coffee to canned meats to sugar to dried milk to pasta to raisins and crackers, which we’d supplement with vegetables and fruits along the route.

Given the abysmal state of Zairian roads, we would need to put Miles on a boat on the Congo River to get him out of Zaire (and later, as it turned out, on a train from Mali to Dakar and then on another boat to get him to Casablanca until, finally, Miles joined us on a ferry across the Mediterannean to Sicily).

We sent friends and family what we called “a tentative itinerary. It can be at best only approximate due to roads being washed out, mechanical issues, unforeseen political developments that might close borders, and our own whims.” We sent addresses for U.S. embassies where we would check for mail (“hold for arrival”). We noted that we’d make a decision in Bamako, Mali, as to whether to attempt a Sahara crossing. We’d done a lot of preparation in the hopes of making that happen, but our big investment in the future was in Miles, and we dreaded the idea of having to abandon him in the Sahara. (Most vehicles making the crossing were four-wheel drive.)

We sent 17 boxes of books and two barrels of personal effects to Mike’s parents in Minneapolis, noting that it might take six months for the barrels to arrive. Finally, when school ended, we collaborated with another couple to run a summer school for a month. We netted $3,500 to add to what we’d saved in our two years of teaching.

Miles, second vehicle from the top

On July 7, our trip began at last.

Letter home: “Our dream is coming true. We are on the Colonel Ebeya, a 3-tiered riverboat pushing two barges loaded with hundreds of people and a third loaded with merchandise, including a beautiful (to us) blue-and-white VW combi whose interior is a house fit for kings, not to mention a motor-parts store. We have labored painstakingly on this trip for a year and dreamed of it for three. The past few weeks have held little but the final assembling of all the tiny pieces. Yesterday, as the boat’s engines roared to a beginning, we found that the assembled product works.“

The boat trip took a week, a very pleasant one: watching life on the Congo River roll by, reading books, enjoying days without an alarm clock (we’d tossed into the drink the one that had so rudely interrupted our very early mornings in Kinshasa).

When the crane lifted Miles off the boat in Bumba and placed him on dry ground, we heaved a sigh of relief. 

We should have held our breath instead. There was all-too-little dry ground over the miles to come before we reached the Central African Republic. The Belgians’ total lack of investment in infrastructure was a gift that just kept on giving. I lose track, reading my journals, of how many mud holes we got stuck in — fearing each time that we might not make it through.

We once ended up jacking up both wheels, putting “everything under the sun under them — sand ladders, cables, palm fronds “ — and hiring two men to help me push us out. We crossed our fingers and powered through huge pools (burning out a clutch in the act). We changed flats, pumped up tires, patched tubes. And, against the odds, we trucked on.

At night we’d camp along the roadside, for lack of any alternative. Oddity that we were, we became a traveling roadshow for the populace. We once counted 50 people assembled to view our morning ablutions. At one village, someone drummed ahead a message to the next about our impending arrival. When we got there, a crowd had assembled on the road to greet us. 

There were 12 days of this.

At last we reached the Ubangi River, where I boarded a little motorboat that took me across to the Central African Republic. (The border crossing was — unusually enough — uneventful. A friend from our embassy in Kinshasa had cabled ahead about us.) There I cashed some travelers’ checks and sought out the ferry chief. Within a couple of hours, I was standing in the middle of the otherwise empty ferry, crossing the river toward Zaire, shouting above the motor, “I am the captain of the Queen’s nav-ee” and looking at Miles and Mike in the distance, in Zaire.

We drove Miles onto the ferry. It had been three weeks since we’d left Kinshasa. Our two years in Zaire were over. From now on, there’d be challenges aplenty. But at least the roads would be better.

AFRICA DAYS 12: Ruwenzori Summit and Ituri Rainforest

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous posts below.

It was December of 1975, and we were close to realizing a dream we’d had for a year: To climb as high in the Ruwenzori Mountains as non-technical climbers could go, and see the snowy massif known as Ptolemy’s Mountains of the Moon. The third and highest cabin sat on a slight rise (at an elevation of 13,779 feet). It was built of stone, while the others had been wooden, and it was a bit simpler and rougher. We’d been pleasantly surprised by the cabins, expecting the ruder sorts we had encountered on Kilimanjaro, with wooden plank beds and lots of cracks for bitter whistling winds to enter. These were solid and equipped not only with mattresses but blankets, sheets, a stove for those who wished to bring diesel fuel, lanterns, and many cooking and eating utensils.

The plan for the top hut was to wait until 5 p.m. or so, when the weather often began to clear, and then start out on the walk to the look-out point — the 14,639-foot Wasuwameso, with its panoramic view of the taller peaks arrayed before it. (The Ruwenzori range encompasses the third, fourth and fifth highest peaks in Africa, topping off at 16,762 feet. Those require technical climbing.) Since it was about 3 p.m. when we arrived, we began settling in and making tea. Suddenly Kisenge rushed in: The skies had cleared. We hurried out — and caught our breath at the portion of the massif now visible.

 We began our climb. Not long afterward, Kisenge pointed to a huge rock jutting out of the top of the peak we were scaling: This would be our viewpoint. When we came at last to the bottom of the rock, that primal expectancy you feel when a view is about to break open before you seized me. I pulled myself up onto the summit, and I felt something very close to pain: There it was, the whole glorious expanse.

We stayed at the summit for about an hour, comparing our guidebook’s charts with the shifting portions of the massif coming in and out of view (only when we first arrived was the view completely clear). One by one, the dancing clouds singled out the delights: silvery glaciers, jagged peaks above, lakes below, snowfields and icy slopes everywhere — until, gradually, the clouds had covered them all.

As we embarked on our descent, snow began to fall.

We were cold that night and felt the claustrophobic pressure of the altitude. (I found myself, both there and at Kilimanjaro, taking desperately quick and deep breaths in a frantic effort to make up for the lack of satisfaction in the oxygen-poor air.) We woke with headaches and were glad to start down. (The mountains were not visible to tempt us in the other direction.) It was a long way down that fourth day, skipping hut number two. The enchanted forest was muddier than it had been and we told each other at least four times that we had finally begun that last horrible descent to the creek which would mean we were close to the bottom hut. 

We finally DID begin it, in reality, and we enjoyed our last pork dinner back in hut number one.

We never saw the peaks again.

As soon as we passed Kisenge’s lodge, which meant to him that we were “off the mountain,” he told us that the spot where we had made tributes to the mountain spirit is administered by an old man who lives in Mutsora (a town we’d passed through on our way to the base). He makes annual pilgrimages up the steep trail to ensure the continued upkeep of the little huts. Kisenge added that the many people who have died climbing in the Ruwenzoris had failed to make any offering.

 These were not awful spirits, he said. You just needed to treat them right.

From the Ruwenzoris, we headed west to explore the Ituri Rainforest, home to the people known as Pygmies and to the rare okapi, the giraffe’s only relative. This trip was not the success that most of our adventures had been.

January 1, 1976: Epulu Station: “We’ve been sitting in this two-okapi town, as Mike called it (there are two okapis in a pen here) for hours. I’m balancing on three legs of a wooden chair on an uneven earth floor. The springs of a detached car seat are on my left. Mike is asleep on a flat bench. Above us is a leaf roof. (Pygmy influence — they build huts out of leaves, two of which we saw nearby). Three children sit by me, elbowing each other to get a peek at my writing. They have flowers in their hair. Is that because it’s New Year’s Day?”

We had finally made it to the Ituri headquarters late the evening before, after a long ride atop a Mercedes truck. A guard had come rushing out, telling us to set up our tent by his fire (in the midst of huge ants, most of whom bit me).

“He lured us to stay here today with tales of a foray into the jungle led by Pygmies, to see okapis, duikers and chimpanzees. We fell for it — and spent the early morning aimlessly wandering with some fool who finally admitted he didn’t know what he was doing.

“Now the various people who’ve been sitting under the shade with us have gone into their houses to get out of the heat and to rest. And here we sit, waiting to find a truck to take us toward Kisangani.”

January 3, 1976, Kisangani airport: “We have made it and are checked through for the plane. We got a truck from Epulu Station, a comfortable ride atop another Mercedes (this one carrying empty beer cases), with three inevitable breakdowns. We arrived in Bafwasende toward 9 p.m., got someone to lead us on foot to the Catholic mission and then received permission to camp in the vicar’s yard.

“Next morning, we were back in town by 6 a.m., eating a pineapple and waiting for the trucks. We got a ride about 10, all the way to Kisangani. It was a good one. We saw gorillas running across the road, guinea hens flying above us, a huge green lizard starting slowly across the road and, hearing or seeing us coming, curving his head way around and turning back. Mike saw a 6- to 10- foot fluorescent green and black snake. In the end, the only okapis we saw were those two penned up in Epulu, and we caught only a quick glimpse of a couple of Pygmies. Both these lovely beasts and these oft-maligned people are secretive and cherish the rainforest’s seclusion. Hard to blame them.

“Pulling into Kisangani brought the keenest bush-to-city feeling I’ve had. Seeing the lights and traffic, the big buildings and just the number of people struck me powerfully after these many days deep in the interior and short on comfort. When we arrived at the driver’s destination, we set out on foot for downtown. After a couple of kilometers a Belgian picked us up in his camionette and delivered us to our hotel, a shabby Holiday Inn-ish place. But it had hot water and a sort of double bed made of two twin bed mattresses. For dinner, we walked to the Stanley Hotel for steaks-frites and cold beers. Then to bed. We will be home by early afternoon. What an adventure.”

Back in Kinshasa, we would from now on aim our sights (and every free moment) on buying and equipping our vehicle and on all the attendant planning and purchasing required for the big trip out of Africa that we hoped to launch when school ended. That one would bring half a year and at least 15 countries worth of adventure. A lot of pieces would have to fit together to make it happen.

AFRICA DAYS 11: Ptolemy’s Mountains of the Moon

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous posts below.

We began our climb of the Ruwenzori massif on Christmas Day 1975, in the company of a Ugandan guide, two Zairois porters, and a small, noisy pig. Our yen for this adventure had arisen the previous spring when, one exceptionally clear evening in Zaire’s Virunga National Park, we caught sight of a flash of silver in the sky to the north of Lake Idi Amin. It was Ptolemy’s fabled Mountains of the Moon, said by the ancients to be the source of the Nile: the Ruwenzoris. We later learned that Stanley had had a similar experience from this very spot. He wrote in 1888 that his eyes were directed by a porter “to a mountain said to be covered with salt, and I saw a cloud of a most beautiful silver color, which assumed the proportions and appearance of a vast mountain covered with snow.”

It was a two-day hitchhike from the closest airport to the base. In all that time we never caught sight of the peaks, which top out at 16,763 feet. Indeed, even as we enjoyed local popcorn and cold beer in the parlor of the gracious park conservator at the base, we had only his word that, in clear weather, his windows framed a breathtaking view.

We had arranged to meet our guide, and his porter and ours, the next morning at 7 a.m. outside our small room at the base camp. We woke early, splashed cold water from our washbowl on our faces, and rushed outside: Had the conservator’s prediction of early morning clearing come true? And there they were: a jagged series of majestic snow-covered peaks glistening in the sunlight — which, within minutes, gave way to clouds.

We set off from the base camp through a strung-out village, making several stops for provisions. We had sent some money ahead the day before, and one villager had prepared a great bowl of foufou — the beaten manioc dish that takes bread’s place in the Zairian diet. At her home, chairs were brought out. We met her family, admired the homemade coffee-grinding machines and ran our fingers through the dry lakes of coffee beans in various stages of sun-roasting in the clearing around their hut. 

At another stop we gathered some mangos, then picked up some dried fish and later bottled some palm oil. Finally, two or three hours into the walk, we agreed to buy the pig in honor of Christmas dinner and to provide fresh meat for us and our crew throughout the trip. I was doubly glad of the pig’s company, since he turned out to be a slow climber, given to burrowing into the cool thick grasses beside the path. It made my own slow going less exceptional.

Before noon, we reached the handsome stone lodge where our guide Kisenge lived. Here we met his family, paid the park fee and signed the register. The register was a small book dating back to 1947 with the signature “Lowell Thomas, writer” not too many names above ours. Apparently few people had visited during Congo’s turbulent pre-and post-independence days.

It was at the lodge, too, that we slaughtered the poor pig.

After lunch, we climbed through thick tropical forest, with the trees becoming ever shorter. We had intermittent views of the spreading countryside, more and more distant below. As for the peaks, we never saw them again that day. We arrived at the first hut mid-afternoon to find a Belgian hiker. Altitude distresss had forced her to leave her party on the way up. She had with her a sweet pineapple, which we cooked with our pork to produce a worthy holiday feast for us all.

We turned in early.

The next morning, we embarked before 8 on a significantly rougher path heading steeply uphill. We encountered piles of fresh buffalo dung and heard the shrieks of colobus monkeys. Suddenly we took a very sharp downhill into a creek. The ascent of the other bank was even steeper and involved hoisting ourselves up over great slippery boulders and bulging roots, with a sheer drop-off to our right. This seemed to go on for hours, providing plenty of time for my customary internal tirade about why I keep taking on such challenges.

Finally we broke into a lovely bamboo forest thick with elephant grass and pretty flowered vines, wild bananas and white orchids.

By noon we were struggling again on a particularly steep section when we heard the voices of our guide and porters on a level above us. When we caught up, we saw they were resting amid strange surroundings: On the left-hand side of the path was a row of five tiny huts made of bamboo. In each hut were piles of beans, rice and barley. This pattern was duplicated on the right side of the trail, except that the final hut there was about three times the size of the others and included a pile of money along with the food. Our guides had already made their offerings, and they advised us to offer something as well, saying firmly that the mountain would not be happy with us otherwise. Climbing huge mountains is hard enough without making them unhappy with you. I made my offering.

Kisenge said he would tell us all about the mountain spirit and the offerings — AFTER we got safely off the mountain.

We spent much of the rest of the day, as we hiked along, having wide-ranging talks with Kisenge. His familiarity with the wider world was intriguingly spotty. He spoke of figures such as Edward Jenner and Francis Drake but seemed to know of only three continents — Europe, Africa and “America.” He wanted to know “what color” are George Foreman and Muhammad Ali (he thought Ali was English) and what languages did the black people in America speak. These conversations made our laborious approach to the second cabin pass more easily.

The cabin was in a clearing on a small knoll rising like an island out of the muddy morass into which the trail had dipped before reaching it. We spread out our bags so they’d be ready for that evening, brewed up a pot of tea and sat down to read for a bit during a late afternoon rainstorm. The minute it cleared, we hobbled over to the windows to see the peaks for the first time since before we began the hike. They were so obviously closer and so brilliant against the uncommonly clear sky that we put on our boots and sloshed out into the mud for a better view. We watched in awe for the half hour they were visible. Then we had a tasty meal of pork and beans and snuggled into bed.

The next day’s rewards were many. We spent several hours in an enchanted forest of mosses and ferns covering everything in sight, draped over one another, carpeting the forest floor and its walls and its sky. The mosses were all shades of green, yellow, brown and orange. There were huge tussocks of sedge higher than our waist. When we put a hand down to steady our footing on the cushiony path, it sank deep into whatever it touched.

As if this weren’t enough of a fairytale come true, it was succeeded by something equally fabulous when it ended abruptly at a tiny creek. We bent down for a cold drink of water and, looking up, saw that the hill above us was populated with plants that only Dr. Seuss could’ve dreamed up.

This fantastic world of giant groundsels and lobelias continued until we came to the top of the rise where we could see, stretching before us, the path climbing gently along the ridge to the final cabin. And then, just beyond, we spied the peak from whose summit we might have, at last, a closeup view of the entire Ruwenzori massif. 

We could only hope that the weather (or the mountain?) would permit us to see it.

AFRICA DAYS 10: Rainy Season, Bush Travel and Prep for the Drive Out

GENEVA OVERHOLSER

MAR 19, 2025

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts on Substack and below.

As the rainy season approached once again, I thought back to The Fight the previous year, and how astonishing it was that the torrent had held off until moments after Ali’s victory. Had it started before the fight (as feared) it would have been disastrous, for a rainstorm in Zaire is like nothing you’ve ever seen. In a letter home, I seem bent on rhapsodizing about it:

“In Zaire, everything loves a rainstorm. Things that elsewhere would go under cover, here come out. Color, for example. Rainstorms are usually gray. Not in Zaire. Just before they come, in late afternoon toward evening, the sky turns a vivid yellow, so that everything is shot through with it. The usual lush green is charged with yellow. As soon as the rain comes, the yellow clears. The sun sets pink in one part of the city, a pink that spreads wider than any dry sunset. And then the sky turns silver. A luminous silver behind shining dark-wet green trees.

“The lightning, too, is brighter than any I’ve seen — even against the silver sky — and it flashes a blinding white. The white flashes in complete silence, broken eight or 10 seconds later by awesome gurgles and groans, turning into jagged boulders of sound, rolling from one horizon to another, reverberating like a base speaker that can’t handle the volume.

“Everything moves and sways. The trees — so heavy and hot in the blanketing heat — are released into movement. For the big old mango trees, this means slow swaying of heavy limbs, each branch softly muting the next on its swing back and forth. For the bamboo, which grows so high that its normal position is diagonal, the winds bring low balletic dips and slow, smooth lifting, then a low dip to the other side. Their papery leaves — in tiny millions — seem to stretch and stroke the breeze.

“It’s the palms, though, that seem made for these storms. Each frond meets the wind and rides it in its own way — ostrich plumes blown by invisible fans, lifting and curling, dropping and flinging straight — until the wind is finished playing and comes on powerfully strong. Then the palm is like a little girl whose long hair is blown straight sideways, baring her tiny head. The birds, too, love the rain in Zaire. They sing loudly in their trees as it begins. They’re followed by bats, who swoop dark, high and low against the silver sky.

“As the storm exhausts itself, the sky turns a bruised lavender gray like an old film. The lightning now looks gold against the darkening sky, and it’s hard to tell bats from the wind-borne bamboo leaves.”

That Thanksgiving of 1975, we took a wonderful multi-day trip into “the bush” to the east of Kinshasa with friends with Land Rovers. We drove through stately forests wreathed in vines and lush with butterflies. We crossed rivers and streams on rusty old ferries and makeshift bridges, and plowed through mud and waterholes on the roads in between.

We stayed in Catholic missions and with Peace Corps volunteers. We saw arts and crafts being made throughout the region — masks, tapis, dolls representing Pende dancers. And we saw a beautiful waterfall that, were it in the United States, would have been a major attraction. Here, it seemed to go utterly unnoticed.

What consumed most of our free time during this second school was planning for the big trip we intended to take once the term ended. As I wrote in a letter to friends:

“We had intended (and still hope) to buy some kind of van (such as a VW combi) and outfit it here with the help of school carpenters and friends. Then we would head north to the Central African Republic (we would probably have to put our vehicle on a riverboat to get out of Zaire, given road conditions), then throughout West Africa and (if possible) across the Sahara. Then we’d travel throughout North Africa and continue on to Europe, where we’d spend several more months traveling and living out of our van. We‘d’ then return to the States in late spring of 1977. (As it turned out, we moved to Paris for a couple of years instead. But that’s another story).

“We began attempting to implement this plan in early September upon our return from our summer adventures and found — to our great dismay — that no new vehicles are coming into the country. Zaire is in the midst of an economic crisis. It has little or no foreign reserves and, consequently, is defaulting on its loans and not paying its bills. In an attempt to straighten out this mess, the government is not permitting the importation of any vehicles. The used-car market is almost non-existent, and the few who are selling are getting astronomical prices for their cars.

“So we have been having a helluva time finding anything. We have recently come upon a used Peugeot van for sale. It is quite roomy and so would surpass the VW in livability. But it is lower to the ground, and whether or not it can be sufficiently raised by new wheels, larger tires, spring adjustment or whatever, we are now in the process of determining. If it cannot, we may consider going by boat to Bangui, driving to Dakar and then shipping it to Casablanca, as crossing the desert would not be feasible.”

Then, in a February letter, this development: “We’ve decided on a used ’72 VW bus, which we found for sale for $2,500. We’ll have to pay duty, as well, and buy new tires and all the spare parts. The way things go around here, who knows what we’ll really end up having to pay?

One of the many to-do lists we made in preparation for our drive out

“We’ve also decided to collaborate with a couple of fellow teachers to run a month-long summer school, which should net us at least $1,000 per person. Since the VW won’t be available to us until 1 July anyway, the timing will be perfect.”

On our spring break we flew to Johannesburg to buy backup car parts and tools, material to build sand ladders, English-language books and other necessities unavailable in Kinshasa.

But there would be one last grand adventure in Zaire before that. Over Christmas break, we hiked up to the snowy 10-mile massif of the Ruwenzori Mountains and hitched rides through the Ituri Rainforest, home to the nomadic hunter-gatherers called Pygmies and to the rare and lovely okapi, the only living relative of the giraffe.

AFRICA DAYS 9: Poling in the Okavango Swamp, Whiplash in South Africa

The view while gliding through the swamp — and our guide, Kitsola. (Happily, he never used the rifle.)

Note: Africa Days is a series of posts based on journals and letters from my years living in Kinshasa and traveling across Africa, beginning in 1974. You can read previous and following posts (for free) on this site or at https://genevaoverholser.com/

“We had read in our ‘Traveler’s Africa’ guide that, deep in the Okavango swamp of Botswana, it was possible to hire canoes for a sort of water safari during which you would encounter hippos and crocodiles. This expedition turned out to be completely different from what we had anticipated — and absolutely magical. With little information (as usual) we made our way by train from Bulawayo, Rhodesia, to Francistown, Botswana, then found a ride (with great difficulty) in a mail truck making the 310-mile trip from Francistown to Maun, over a desolate stretch of the Kalahari Desert.

Kalahari Desert

“In Maun, with information still at a premium, we finally determined that it would be necessary to pay a private pilot to fly us deep into the swamp. (This remarkable place is formed mysteriously by the Okavango River, Africa’s seventh largest, which pours into a desert rather than into a body of water, thus forming a swamp in its last gasp.) There we would find the Txatxaba camp, run by a man whose father trapped crocodiles in the area decades ago. This cost us a pretty penny, but we weren’t about to turn back now. We took the flight, swooped low over the tiny island airstrip to clear away the grazing impala, landed, emerged to the tune of buzzing tsetse flies, and were picked up by men in makoras, or dugouts.

View as we flew into the swamp, and the men with makoras meeting us

“They poled us through the tall grasses of the swamp to the camp. We had a good lunch with the manager and his wife, who outfitted us with our own makora and our guide Kitsola, told us to keep our eyes open all the time and said they’d see us in a week or so.

“What a week it was. Mike and I rode along in the canoe as Kit poled us through a wonderland of wildlife. We camped on islands with many different kinds of antelope in sight. Kit would play his thumb piano by firelight. By the third day, we were in deep enough to encounter the predators, so we camped on the tiniest islands in order to hear any creature who might approach us through the water.

Abundant (and often very close by) wildlife

“And hear the creatures we did, the mysterious whoop of the hyena starting low and ending high, which made me question the term ‘laughing hyena’ until the second night when it added a weird cackling of 5 to 8 notes starting high, jumping around the scale. And then we heard the most chilling sound: the throaty groan of lions. Kit kept the fire going and his rifle by his side.

“During the day we would take walking safaris on the islands. In this manner, we saw many interesting signs of animals, in addition to the animals themselves: trees stripped by elephants to incredible heights, their footprints left in the mud forming pools you could have sat in. We noticed that there was one pile of dung in particular that Kit would always give wide berth to, rather than step over, as he usually did. It turned out to be hyena scat. A hyena had come to his village and attacked his daughter, he told us, and it would repeat the act unless he respected its leavings.

Our campsite one morning, and Kit’s thumb piano

“Two particularly striking things deserve mention. On one of our walks, we noticed Kit paying special attention to a tiny bird, who would hop from tree to tree until finally, following it, Kit located a bees’ nest. He smoked out the bees and axed out the comb, and we ate the most delicious honey I’ve ever had, taking the rest of it with us for our oatmeal the next morning. We had been led to the hive by the honey guide, a bird which has developed this relationship with men and other animals. The Bushmen say that if the honey isn’t shared with the guide, he’ll lead you next time into a lion’s den or the pit of the deadly black mamba.

All praise to the honey guide!

(The next encounter was gruesome to witness and is even more horrifying now to recall. Poaching of elephants has fallen in recent years, but rhinoceros have been killed in fast-growing numbers of late.) 

“The second striking occurrence was an encounter with poachers. We came upon their camp midway through the trip. The tusks of elephants were soaking in the water, and meat and skins were drying everywhere: hyenas with their large ears turned inside out; impalas and elephants pieced on the ground like a pattern. The elephant ears alone were taller than I am. The feet and lower legs sat on the ground like high boots whose tops had fallen over. Some of the inner organs, blown full of air while soft, were hanging in translucent balls to dry, to serve as containers for the fats. One man was working on shaving some of the extra wood off his makora. The hunt had been so successful, the prizes so weighty, that the men needed more space.

“Our final destination was South Africa, where we embarked on a three-week whiplash of experiences, some sublime, many disturbing. We landed in Johannesburg, a mini-New York that felt astonishing to find on this continent. We visited Soweto — the part tourists are allowed into.

“We hitchhiked to Durban, then down the coast (with a jaunt north to Oudtshoorn for an ostrich ride) to Cape Town, surely one of the world’s loveliest cities. There, we consumed much good wine, cheese, fresh fruits, and seafood. Finally, we took the famed blue train back to Johannesburg, the finest train I’ve yet to ride. Luxury on wheels.

“I find it hard to put on paper the many conflicting feelings about our time in this lovely, complex, deeply troubling country — a topic we want to discuss with you all on our return. I want to share here a tiny instance of how South Africa’s mores affected us personally. One hot evening we happened to be dropped off, after a day of hitchhiking, next to an appealing-looking bar a ways out of the town where we’d be spending the night. A beer sounded like just the thing to refresh us for the final leg. We walked eagerly into the cool, welcoming dark. The response was lightning-quick: The bartender looked at Mike (he never looked at me) and said, ‘She is not allowed here. There’s a ladies’ bar in town.’ Obviously, this was but a grain of salt before the vast and deadly mountain of apartheid, which affects every moment and shapes the lives of every South African. But I won’t forget that slap of exclusion; that presumption that I deserved neither to be looked upon nor spoken to directly.

Sunset in the Okavango 

“With our 77-day vacation over, we boarded a jet in Johannesburg bound for Kinshasa. The airline agent asked why we were going to Zaire. ‘We live there,’ we said. ‘Ah, I’m sorry to hear it,’ she replied. ‘I used to live there myself.’”

Going back to work did come hard after this idyll. But we had much to look forward to. During Christmas break, we hoped to hike the Ruwenzori Mountains — the most beautiful trek of them all, as it turned out. And throughout the school year, we’d be laying plans to realize the big dream that had lured us here: to drive all the way up out of Africa to Europe, when our teaching stint in Kinshasa ended.